UCI Reduced Androgen Signaling Blocking Body Masculinization Questions – Description
1. What are hormones? How are they classified? What is the major distinction between peptide/amine hormones and steroid hormones? What is the main difference in their chemical structures? Make a chart showing hormone classes and hormones that comprise them.
2. Name the major endocrine structures. Which are in the brain? Why are sweat glands classified as exocrine glands?
3. Consider neurons releasing neurotransmitters to affect other neurons (neurochemical transmission). How is the signal delivery and effect of hormones different from neurochemical communication?
4. Where does the pituitary gland get its instructions?
Draw AND LABEL a pituitary gland in its physical relation to the hypothalamus.
When it’s finished, insert the image into your Discussion post.
Show both anterior and posterior divisions. Include the median eminence where it belongs.
Illustrate and explain the electrical/neuronal to hormonal signal in one part of the pituitary to the hormonal-to-hormonal signal in the other part of the pituitary.
Next to each part of the pituitary, list the hormones associated with each.
Label each list as either tropic or releasing hormones, and what each term means.
5. Define the following terms. For each terms, write a paragraph giving a detailed description of what must take place in order for it to occur. Remember to include the brain regions involved with each process.
activational effect
ovulation
letdown reflex
lordosis
copulatory behavior
maternal behaviors
CAH females
AIS females
6. Explain how reduced androgen signaling can block masculinization of the body. Use Figures 8.24 and 8.25 to facilitate your explanation.
7. In your own words, explain sexual differentiation in detail, beginning with the indifferent gonad and how the presence or absence of male and/or female hormones affects anatomical development in males and females. Use Figure 8.24 to help facilitate your explanation.
8. In your own words, explain the organizational hypothesis.
9. Hormone-releasing hormones and tropic hormones
Explain the main difference between hormone-releasing hormones and tropic hormones.
Where are each produced and released?
Which would never be present in a blood sample taken from your arm? Why not?
Write a paragraph giving a detailed description of what must take place for cortisol to be released from the adrenal gland. Include the following words in your description: hypothalamus, CRH, anterior pituitary gland, ACTH, adrenal gland, cortisol, receptors, neuroendocrine cells, releasing-hormone, tropic hormone, median eminence, hypothalamic-pituitary portal, synthesized, secreted, target endocrine gland, local blood vessels, general circulation, stress response system, endocrine/endocrine.
10. Feedback loops – use Figures 8.9 and 8.15 as guides.
How do negative feedback loops work, in general?
Give an original example of a system (make one up if you need to) that includes a negative feedback loop to function properly.
Include an example of the dysfunction that results when the negative feedback stops working.
Explain the whole circuit, as it relates to hormones.
How do positive feedback loops work, in general?
Give an original example of a system (make one up if you need to) that includes a positive feedback loop to function properly.
Include an example of the dysfunction that results when the positive feedback stops working.
Explain the whole circuit, as it relates to hormones.
11. What is sexual dimorphism? Discuss (in group and then in written form) the regions of the nervous system that display sexual dimorphism.
12. In your own words, explain Figure 8.34.
13. In your own words, explain Figure 8.35.
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