UCI Psychology Emotions Aggression and Stress Questions – Description
1. Theories of emotion discussed in book and lecture, and supporting evidence.
Are emotions learned? Support your answer with three sources of evidence from lecture and/or your textbook.
In your own words, explain the following theories of emotion
Folk Wisdom
James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter’s Cognitive Model of Emotion
What are the criticisms for each model?
Which theory is supported with evidence?
In lecture, I used the mama bear story to help illustrate the differences between theories. Write an original example to help you illustrate each theory.
Figures 11.1D, 11.2A, and 11.2B
In your own words:
Explain how Figure 11.1 illustrates Schachter’s basic/original Cognitive Model of Emotion.
Explain the Classic Schachter and Singer Experiment featured in the “Researchers at Work” box, illustrated in Figure 11.2A.
What was their hypothesis?
Describe their research design.
What’s a confederate?
Describe the control group.
How many experimental groups were there?
What were the independent variables (hint: it wasn’t the adrenaline injection)?
What was the dependent variable?
Describe their results.
How did Schachter and Singer interpret their results?
Explain Figure 11.2B and how/why it illustrates what the Classic Schachter and Singer Experiment contributed to the further development of Schachter’s Cognitive Theory illustrated in Figure 11.1.
2. In your own words, summarize the Bridge Experiment covered in lecture.
Describe their research design.
State the hypothesis.
Describe the control group.
How many experimental groups were there?
What was the independent variables?
What was the dependent variable?
Describe the results.
How were their results interpreted?
3. Using Figure 11.6 list the primary emotions and their intensity-dependent variations. Example: If happy is a primary emotion, what is the more or less intense version of happiness?
4. In your own words, explain Figure 11.10, and give an example of how you can use this knowledge to your advantage. FYI, there’s more info regarding this topic in lecture.
5. Reward circuit and limbic system
Reward circuit
What is the reward circuit?
How is it related to the phenomenon of brain self-stimulation?
Name the brain regions involved.
Limbic system
What is the limbic system?
What was it originally named?
List the brain regions within the limbic system.
6. Provide four examples discussed in your textbook and/or lecture of ways in which brain lesions have been shown to affect emotions. Include patient S.M. as one of your examples.
7. Fear circuit
Explain the experiment shown in Figure 11.13 A-C. Note: simply reiterating the Figure captions is not enough to correctly answer the following questions. Read “The amygdala is crucial for emotional learning” section in your textbook before posting your answers.
Figure 11.13A
What was the independent variables?
What were the dependent variables (i.e., what was measured?)
Explain the results.
How were the findings interpreted?
Figure 11.13B – explain the circuitry of fear using an original example (not the scorpion shown in the figure).
Figure 11.13C
Imagine yourself at a crowded music festival where everyone is under the influence of something or other and the crowd is becoming agitated and aggressive. You suddenly hear a loud explosive noise and everyone hits the ground thinking it was a gunshot. However, you soon figure out that someone in the back set off fireworks.
Explain how the high and low roads to the amygdala would be involved in the above scenario.
8. Agression
Discuss aggression and aggressive behavior.
Include and define the following terms in your discussion:
Intermale aggression
Androgens
Testosterone
Medial amygdala
VMH
Maternal aggression
Psychopaths (related to aggression and violent words).
Using information in Chapter 11, discuss/hypothesize why a hormone like testosterone, which makes animals (especially males) more aggressive, would have evolved. In other words, what purpose did it serve?
Summarize the experimental evidence concerning the relationship between androgens and aggression.
Discuss research evidence that suggests serotonin levels are negatively correlated with aggression.
9. Stress
Explain the progression of the stress response. Include and define the following terms in your explanation:
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Adrenal corticosteroid hormones
Cortisol
HPA axis
SAM axis
Sympathetic nervous system
Explain the experiment shown in Figure 11.19. Note: simply reiterating the Figure captions is not enough to correctly answer the following questions. Read “The stress response progresses in stages.”
What was the independent variables?
What were the dependent variables (i.e., what was measured?)
Explain the results in relation to the jumps (i.e., before and after).
How were the findings interpreted?
What is “stress immunization?”
Explain the original belief.
How and why is our understanding of stress immunization evolved.
How do stress and emotions affect our health? Specifically:
bullying
chronic stress
Summarize the ‘Ape Study’ covered in lecture.
What were the findings?
Explain how their findings are relative to the general population.
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