topic Compare and contrast the three different levels of health promotion (primary, secondary, tertiary). Discuss how the levels of prevention help determine educational needs for a patient.
Example 1 (Erin)
“Prevention refers to the actions required to deter the formation of a problem or complication of an existing problem” (Whitney, 2022). In health promotion, there are three types of health prevention through promotion, they are primary, secondary, and tertiary steps of education and interventions to aid patients and deter or reduce the affects of a certain type of disease or health issue. Primary prevention is when the disease or illness hasn’t happened yet and involves methods for prevention. Such methods or interventions and examples are tools of health promotion and education. Primary prevention is when a person is at disease-free state, but at risk for a specific disease so therefore is educated on prevention and incidence of that disease. For example, fair skinned people are at more risk for skin cancer, a primary prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of skin cancer would be educating patients on limiting exposure to UV light as well as wearing sunscreen to help prevent skin cancer (Abisadd, et.al, 2022). Secondary level of health promotion would be the early detection and treatment of a disease process before it progresses (Whitney, 2022). The key is to identify individuals with the early disease and prevent the progression. In the instance of skin cancer this can be through early screenings, yearly dermatology appointments, education on monitoring moles on the body and their change in shape or size. Tertiary prevention and health promotion occurs when “disease has caused permanent damage of some form.” To reduce the impact of a disease by decreasing disability, diminishing suffering, and increasing potential years of quality life. For skin cancer this may include treatments such as radiation, surgical removal of cancerous moles and skin cancer and continued education on the prevention of and elimination of skin cancer and decreasing re occurrence.
Perez, M., Abisaad, J. A., Rojas, K. D., Marchetti, M. A., & Jaimes, N. (2022). Skin cancer: Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Part I. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 87(2), 255–268. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.066
Whitney, S. (2022). Teaching and learning styles. In Grand Canyon University (Ed.), Health
promotion: Health & wellness across the continuum (2nd ed., pp.36-3
Example 2 ( renet)
Health promotion is a comprehensive approach aimed at improving the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It encompasses three distinct levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, each targeting different stages of disease and health. Understanding these levels helps in tailoring educational needs for patients, ensuring they receive appropriate, stage-specific information and interventions (Nutbeam & Muscat, 2021). Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of disease or injury before it occurs. This level aims to reduce risk factors and enhance overall health through general health promotion and specific protection measures. Examples include immunization programs, healthy eating education, and physical activity encouragement. For patients, educational needs at this level include understanding the importance of lifestyle choices on long-term health, recognizing risk factors for diseases, and learning strategies to avoid these risks.
Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease or injury early, often before symptoms manifest. This level involves screening and early intervention strategies to halt the progression of disease. For instance, mammography for early detection of breast cancer and blood pressure screenings to identify hypertension are key activities. Patient education here focuses on the importance of regular health screenings, recognizing early signs of diseases, and understanding treatment options available to prevent further deterioration (Edelman & Kudzma, 2021). Tertiary prevention seeks to manage and mitigate established diseases or injuries, reducing complications and improving quality of life for affected individuals. This involves rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management plans, and support for disabilities. Education for patients at this stage includes information on managing their condition, adhering to treatment regimens, understanding potential complications, and strategies to live well with chronic conditions.
References Edelman, C., & Kudzma, E. C. (2021). Health promotion throughout the life span-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=znJAEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1
Nutbeam, D., & Muscat, D. M. (2021). Health Promotion Glossary 2021. Health promotion international, 36(6), 1578–1598. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa157
Example 3 (Elizabeth) Health promotion styles are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary. Healthcare professionals can implement effective interventions to promote healthy behaviors and prevent premature mortality by targeting these levels. Each level holds equal significance in preventing illnesses and is a valuable foundation for healthcare providers to enact positive and effective changes in their patients’ lives.
Primary prevention involves promoting health and safeguarding; the main focus is to avoid the disease’s development and focus on interventions to maintain good standing health. Healthcare professionals can orchestrate events of blood pressure control, avoid a high salt diet, and share much more valuable information that the general public may be unaware of—strong connections with the public can help with informing about lifestyle habits with a heightened risk awareness of complications such as stroke, coronary artery disease, kidney disease, retinopathy, and diabetic foot (Alsaadon, Afroz, Karim, Habib, Alramadan, Billah, & Shetty, 2022).
Secondary prevention centers on timely identification and treatment of health issues, aiming to minimize harm. Proactive screening and swift diagnosis are involved to address current health concerns. The goal is to slow down the progression for example Chronic Kidney disease (CKD), with better BP control, and a low protein diet, and “WHY” delaying dialysis along with providing the risk factors of acidosis, unconroled BP is essential.
The concept of tertiary prevention centers on managing, restoring, and rehabilitating individuals who have already the illness. Nurses are crucial in this process as they impart essential knowledge and serve as advocates for their patients, guaranteeing they receive the necessary healthcare services and support from their providers. They can help by managing CKD symptoms of acidosis, mineral-bone disorders, and fluid overload in chronic kidney diseases. Healthcare providers possess the ability to elevate screening rates and the utilization of preventative services, as well as advance risk-reduction initiatives for chronic ailments such as kidney disease (Kalantar-Zadeh & Li 2020).
Ali, A., & Katz, D. L. (2015). Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: How Integrative Medicine Fits. American journal of preventive medicine, 49(5 Suppl 3), S230–S240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.019
Kalantar-Zadeh, K., & Li, P. K. T. (2020). Strategies to prevent kidney disease and its progression. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(3), 129-130.
Alsaadon, H., Afroz, A., Karim, A., Habib, S. H., Alramadan, M. J., Billah, B., & Shetty, A. N. (2022). Hypertension and its related factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus–a multi-hospital study in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 198.
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