Quiz InstructionsYour essay answer should be clear and succinct, amounting to perhaps 3-5 sentences totaling 50 to 80 words; longer essays are strongly discouraged. It is recommended that you prepare your answer in a separate document from which you copy it into Canvas.Question 1 5 ptsDescribe the processes that determine the fate of petroleum leaked or spilled into the ocean and how the characteristics of the petroleum spillage affects its persistence in the environment.A strong answer will describe the processes that degrade, disperse, or deposit petroleum, citing specific examples, explain the controls on these processes in terms of environmental factors (e.g water temperature) and properties of the petroleum (e.g. volatility, solubility), and refer to the end products from such events.Question 2 1 ptsWhich of the following explanations best explains why plastic debris in the North Pacific accumulates in the region known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?Materials dumped or lost in the North Pacific are transported by currents and focused in this ocean gyre by geostrophic flowThe area of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch represents the site where most plastic debris is dumpedPlastic material from Asia only travels westward halfway across the North PacificPlastic material from North America only travels eastward halfway across the North PacificThe idea of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch derives from the number of islands in this region of the North Pacific that accumulate plastic debrisQuestion 3 2 ptsWhich two of the following phytoplankton are species of dinoflagellates that can produce red tides?Karenia brevisTetraselmisUlva proliferaAkashiwo sanguineAphanizomenonQuestion 4 2 pts Which two of the following types of ocean pollutant – here associated with their origins from anthropogenic sources – have no natural source?Synthetic chemicals contained in pesticidesHydrocarbons spilled during transport of petroleumHeavy metals present in industrial effluentsNutrients from agricultural fertilizersPlastics manufactured as petroleum productsred_tides.pdfUnformatted Attachment PreviewOceans & Global EnvironmentModule 18: Human Impacts•Red Tides, Fish Kills, and Algal Blooms:• Dinoflagellate blooms can produce red tides.• Red tides can contain natural toxins thatcause kills of fish or other biota.• Red tides occur naturally, but the increasein their frequency may reflect human activity.• Some algal blooms are linked to pollution,especially increased nutrients from run-off.Red tideFish killKey Concepts?•Harmful Algal Blooms:• Recognition that occurrences of red tidesleading to fish kills can be natural events.• Some algal blooms are caused by pollution.Algal bloomG131 Oceans & Global EnvironmentRed Tide OutbreaksDinoflagellate Blooms•Various species canproduce red tides,which can cause massfish mortality.Karenia brevisRed tides can resultin fish killsRed tideSydney’s Clovelly Beach (11/27/2012)Dinoflagellate BloomsVarious SpeciesKarenia•Karenia brevis:• Red tides off Florida.•Gonyaulax:Karenia brevis– offshore FLGonyaulaxAbalone &chitons• Affected abalone & chitons.•Noctiluca:• Red tides & bioluminescence.•Akashiwo sanguine:• Red tide alga that produces a foamthat affects seabirds’ waterproofing.PacificloonNoctilucaAkashiwo – CAG131 Oceans & Global EnvironmentExamples of Plankton BloomsOther Blooms & Fish Kills:•Tetraselmis sp.:Tetraselmis annual bloomsoff La Jolla, CA• Prasinophyte.•Aphanizomenon:• Cyanobacterial bloom.•Ulva prolifera:• Green macroalga.Ulva – Monterey, CAAphanizomenon – FL•Fish kills – Anchovies:• 2014: Offshore Santa Cruz washedinto harbor; attributed by lack of O2.SantaCruz,CAUlvaprolifera Qingdao,ChinaG131 Oceans &Global Environment…Purchase answer to see fullattachment.
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