PHI 210 UI Deductive and Inductive Types of Argument Questions – Description
By now, you should have read Chapter 3, read my interactive lecture notes, and watched my lecture videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxTQ-3UY1yM Links to an external site.
“https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tm0M02mt35A.” Links to an external site.
Part 1: According to my lecture videos,
What is an argument?
What are the two types of argument?
What is a deductive argument?
What is an inductive argument?
What makes a deductive argument valid? Sound?
What makes an inductive argument strong or weak? Cogent?
What is the procedure for determining whether an argument is deductive or inductive, valid or invalid, and strong or weak?
What is the difference between a deductive argument’s truth and its validity? How are these two related?
What is an assumption?
How do you identify an assumption for deductive arguments?
How do you identify an assumption for inductive arguments?
Answer the question I ask in this lecture video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxTQ-3UY1yM Links to an external s
Part 2
For the following questions, (1) State the argument in the standard format, (2) Determine whether the argument is deductive or inductive, (3) if the argument is deductive, is it valid or invalid; if the argument is inductive, is it strong or weak, (4) Explain why.
Example
“Peter is over 70 years old. So Peter is over 30 years old.”
(1)
P1: Peter is over 70 years old.
C: Peter is over 30 years old
(2)
Deductive
(3)
Valid
(4)
This deductive argument is valid because if Peter is over 70 years old, then it guarantees that Peter is also over 30 years old.
Paul is over 20 years old. So Paul is over 90 years old.
If he loves me then he gives me flowers. He gives me flowers. So he loves me.
If there is life on Mars, then Mars contains water. But there is no life on Mars. Therefore Mars does not contain water.
“If r=15, then s=10; r=15; therefore, s=10.”
Every red fish is a fish. (This one is tricky; think carefully about what an argument is).
Either Jack is lying or he is not. If his ears turn red, he’s lying. If they don’t turn red, he’s telling the truth. his ears are red. Jack is lying.
All atoms are tiny. The smallest particle of helium gas is tiny. The smallest particle of helium gas is an atom
“A vase was found broken on the floor; some money had been taken out of the safe; and there were strange scratches on the wall. It therefore follows that someone obviously burglarized the place.”
“Whenever we have observed this pattern in the splatter of blood, we have subsequently learned that the gunshot victim was about four feet from the gun when it was fired and that the victim was facing away from the assailant. In this crime scene, we have exactly the same pattern of blood splatter. Therefore, the victim was about four feet from the gun when it was fired and was facing away from the assailant.”
Part 3
For the following questions, (1) identify the missing premise (assumption); (2) state the argument in the standard format.
Example:
“Moby Dick is a whale. So Moby Dick is a mammal.”
(1) Missing Premise: If Moby Dick is a whale, then Moby Dick is a mammal.
(2) P1: Moby Dick is a whale.
P2 (missing premise): If Moby Dick is a whale, then Moby Dick is a mammal.
C: Moby Dick is a mammal.
There cannot be more than one God. Otherwise, there would be two Gods equally powerful, or one is more powerful than the other.
We should reduce the penalty for drunken driving, as a milder penalty would mean more convictions.
There is nothing wrong with talking on a mobile phone during lectures. Other students do it all the time.
Giving students a failing grade will damage their self-confidence. Therefore, we should not fail students.
It should not be illegal for adults to smoke pot. After all, it does not harm anyone.
Killing an innocent person is wrong. Therefore, abortion is wrong.
Traces of ammonia have been found in Mars’ atmosphere. So there must be life on Mars.
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